When you get your report regarding urine tests, one of the frequently overriding values is that of epithelial cells. A majority of the people take notice of the term and instantly become worried-but in most instances, the presence of epithelial cells in the urine is normal. They become a cause for alarm when the counts are higher than usual. This blog explains what epithelial cells are, why they appear in the urine, what high levels may mean, and when to seek medical advice.
What are Epithelial Cells in Urine?
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Epithelial cells represent thin layers of cells lining the urinary tract: urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. With these cells naturally being shed, small amounts of them often mix with urine. A few cells are normal, but an elevated count is indicative of infection, inflammation, or an underlying medical condition needing attention.
Types of Epithelial Cells in the Urine
Recognizing the type of epithelial cells present helps doctors trace the origin of the problem. They are generally categorized as one of the following:
1. Squamous Epithelial Cells
These are large, flat cells originating either from the urethra or external genital area. Contamination at the time of sample collection can slightly raise the count of these cells.
2. Transitional Epithelial Cells
These cells are from the bladder or ureters. Higher levels may indicate infection, stones, or irritation in the lower urinary tract.
3. Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
These are the smallest cells and originate from the kidneys. Even a slight increase may indicate kidney disease, injury, or a severe infection.
Normal versus Abnormal Range of Epithelial Cells
In the normal urine report, there are 1-2 epithelial cells per high-power field. This condition is normally harmless.
It mentions in some reports that:
- 4-6 epithelial cells in urine – mild increase, often seen in minor infections or improper sample collection.
- 10-12 epithelial cells in urine – significantly elevated and usually indicates an active infection, inflammation, or kidney involvement.
- Doctors compare this range with symptoms and other findings, such as pus and epithelial cells in urine, to understand the underlying cause.
Causes of Increased Epithelial Cells in Urine
Various factors contribute to increasing the level of epithelial cells. The following are some of the more common causes:
1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
Infections in the bladder or urethra irritate the lining, causing more cells to shed.
2. Kidney Infection or Inflammation
Conditions such as acute tubular necrosis or pyelonephritis elevate renal epithelial cells.
3. Pregnancy
Hormonal changes, mild UTIs, and increased workload on the kidneys may cause an increase in the number of epithelial cells in the urine during pregnancy.
4. Contaminated Sample
Improper cleansing before providing the sample can raise the amount of squamous cells.
5. Basic Diseases
Increased epithelial cells in the urine may be caused by disorders of the kidneys and diseases affecting the bladder.
Symptoms Associated With High Epithelial Cells
Various other symptoms may be present depending on the underlying cause. These can include:
- Burning sensation while urinating
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Lower abdominal pain
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
- Fever or back pain in renal conditions
Sometimes, no symptoms appear, and then the issue is only detected through an Epithelial Cells in Urine test.
Diagnosis & Interpretation of Urine Test
A regular urinalysis tests for:
- Number of epithelial cells
- Presence of pus cells
- Bacteria
- Protein levels
- Crystal formation
If the report shows high epithelial cells in the urine, then the doctor may prescribe:
- Repeat urine test
- Urine culture
- Tests for renal function
- Ultrasound
- Further imaging or specialist referral
It is vital to choose a reliable diagnostic centre. If you’re looking for the best laboratory in Coimbatore,  prefer going to facilities like Clarity Imaging for better assurance of accurate results.
Treatment Options
1. For UTIs
Antibiotics, fluid intake, and probiotics are usually prescribed.
2. For Dehydration
Restoration of the balance can be achieved by rehydrating with oral fluids or electrolytes.
3. For Kidney Issues
The presence of renal epithelial cells may prompt doctors to prescribe medication, lifestyle modification, or further investigation.
4. During Pregnancy
It is important to ensure the child gets safe antibiotics, hydration, and monitoring on a regular basis.
How to Reduce Epithelial Cells in Urine
- Drink enough water
- Cleanliness is paramount
- Avoid holding urine for long periods.
- Follow the doctor’s medication plan.
- Collect urine samples appropriately
- Prevention & lifestyle tips
- Keep yourself hydrated throughout the day
- Practice good genital hygiene
- Undergo frequent urine testing if you have recurring UTIs.
Conclusion
The presence of epithelial cells in urine is common, but if this count is higher, it could indicate infection or problems in the urinary tract that require immediate medical attention. Understand your test report and consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and management.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are the causes of epithelial cells in urine?
Common causes are UTIs, dehydration, pregnancy, and inflammation of the kidneys.
2. What if the epithelial cells are abnormal?
Abnormal levels may be indicative of infection, kidney malfunction, or sample contamination.
3. How would you treat the presence of 4-6 epithelial cells in the urine?
Mild increases usually improve with hydration, hygiene, and on occasion, antibiotics.
4. Can dehydration affect epithelial cells?
Yes, dehydration may increase the epithelial cell count.
5. Is it possible to repair epithelial cells?
Most epithelial tissues self-renew following treatment.
6. Which organs shut down first when dehydrated?
First, it affects the kidneys, reducing their capability for filtration.
7. Does pregnancy affect epithelial cells?
Yes, pregnancy may slightly increase the count with its hormonal and physical changes.
